COMPLEX DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING USING QUADRATIC RESIDUE NUMBER SYSTEMS.

This work presents the development of complex digital signal processing algorithms using number theoretic techniques. Residue number principles and techniques are applied to process complex signal information in Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) digital filters. Residue coding of complex samples and arithmetic for processing complex data have been presented using principles of quadratic residues in the Residue Number System (RNS). In this work, we have presented modifications to the Quadratic Residue Number System (QRNS), which we have termed the Modified Quadratic Residue Number System (MQRNS), to process complex integers. New results and theorems have been obtained for the selection of operators to code complex integers into the new MQRNS representation. A novel scheme for residue to binary conversion has been presented for implementation using both the QRNS and MQRNS. Hardware implementations of multiplication intensive complex nonrecursive and recursive digital filters have been presented where the QRNS and MQRNS structures are realized using a bit-slice architectural approach. The computation of Complex Number Theoretic Transforms (CNTTs) and the hardware implementation of a radix-2 NTT butterfly structure, using high density ROM arrays, are presented in both the QRNS and MQRNS systems. As an illustration, the computation of the CNTT developed in this work, is used to compute Cyclic Convolution for complex sequences. These results are verified by computer programs. The recursive FIR filter structure for uniformly spaced frequency samples on the unit circle developed by adapting the Complex Number Theoretic z-transform, has been implemented using the QRNS and MQRNS. In this work, the filter structure is extended for non-uniformly spaced frequency samples and has been termed the generalized number theoretic filter structure. It is shown that for the implementation of this generalized structure, the MQRNS is more efficient than the conventional RNS; the QRNS does not support appropriate fields for the generalized structure.Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1985 .K757. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 46-08, Section: B, page: 2757. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1985

MODELING NITRATE CONCENTRATION IN GROUND WATER USING REGRESSION AND NEURAL NETWORKS

Nitrate concentration in ground water is a major problem in specific agricultural areas. Using regression and neural networks, this study models nitrate concentration in ground water as a function of iron concentration in ground water, season and distance of the well from a poultry house. Results from both techniques are comparable and show that the distance of the well from a poultry house has a significant effect on nitrate concentration in groundwater.Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

Management of stable intertrochanteric fractures with minimally invasive dynamic hip screw

Background: Trochanteric fracture is the commonest fracture which accounts to 90 % of the fractures in patients over 50 years. The aim of the treatment is to prevent malunion and early mobilization with ambulation which is accomplished by dynamic hip screw and sliding plate. Minimal invasive technique has advantages of less blood loss, minimal soft tissue dissection, early mobilization and shorter hospital stay.The study was done to evaluate the amount of intraoperative blood loss, reduction of postoperative haemoglobin, requirement of postoperative analgesics and duration of postoperative hospital stay in the patients with stable intertrochanteric fracture treated with minimal invasive dynamic hip screw (MIDHS).Methods: Twenty five patients with stable intertrochanteric fractures were treated with minimal invasive Dynamic hip screw fixation. Average intra operative blood loss, reduction of postoperative haemoglobin, requirement of post-operative analgesics and total duration of postoperative hospital stay were evaluated. All the patients were followed up periodically at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year.  All the patients were evaluated radiologically in the follow up period. The functional assessment was done with Harris hip score.Results: Mean intraoperative blood loss was found to be 75 ml. The mean duration of surgery was found to be 44.3 minutes. All the patients were mobilized 24 hours of surgery with non-weight bearing walking with walker support. The average time for union was found to be 4 months. No complications like postoperative infection, malunion, coxa vara, limb length discrepancy were seen. The final functional Harris hip score was found to be excellent in 14, good in 4, fair in 2. Conclusions: MIDHS is a safe technique having advantages of less blood loss, minimal soft tissue dissection and shorter hospital stay, early rehabilitation in treating stable intertrochanteric fractures compared to conventional DHS

IMPACT OF GERANIOL ON CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE PROVOKED CARDIOTOXIC PROPERTIES–AN IN VIVO STUDY

Objective: Toxicity profiles of diverse anti-neoplastic drugs are extensively documented in past decades and the protective role of natural products against such toxic drugs plays a vital role in the evolution of chemoprevention. Globally, Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is used as an anticancer drug, but now it has been limited due to its acute and chronic cardio toxicity. Hence the present study was designed to investigate the protective role of Geraniol (GOH) against CYP induced cardio toxicity.Methods: The activity of serum marker enzymes and lipoprotein fractions, cardiac marker enzymes and lipid profiles as well as antioxidant status was done using standard procedures in vivo. In addition, optimum dosage of GOH was determined as obtained by the levels of serum marker enzymes for tissue damage and the pathological changes were assessed by histology.Results: Administration of CYP to rats results in hoisted levels of marker enzymes (in both serum and heart tissue) and reduced levels of antioxidants. GOH (200 mg/kg body weight) restrained the elevation of marker enzymes (in both serum and heart tissue) and augmented the levels of antioxidants. Moreover, histological observations added proofs to the protective role of GOH against cardiac damage.Conclusion: CYP administered pathological changes were attenuated by the oral treatment of GOH at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight of rat and suggests that the cardioprotective effects could be related to up regulation of antioxidant mechanism. Conclusive outcome from our findings suggests that GOH might be a potential chemo preventive agent in attenuating drug induced cardio toxicity.Â

A novel 13 residue acyclic peptide from the marine snail, Conus monile, targets potassium channels

A novel 13-residue peptide Mo1659 has been isolated from the venom of a vermivorous cone snail, Conus monile. HPLC fractions of the venom extract yielded an intense UV absorbing fraction with a mass of 1659 Da. De novo sequencing using both matrix assisted laser desorption and ionization and electrospray MS/MS methods together with analysis of proteolytic fragments successfully yielded the amino acid sequence, FHGGSWYRFPWGY-NH2. This was further confirmed by comparison with the chemically synthesized peptide and by conventional Edman sequencing. Mo1659 has an unusual sequence with a preponderance of aromatic residues and the absence of apolar, aliphatic residues like Ala, Val, Leu, and Ile. Mo1659 has no disulfide bridges distinguishing it from the conotoxins and bears no sequence similarity with any of the acyclic peptides isolated thus far from the venom of cone snails. Electrophysiological studies on the effect of Mo1659 on measured currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons suggest that the peptide targets non-inactivating voltage-dependent potassium channels

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism markers associated with resistance to bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) in wild mungbean (Vigna radiata var. sublobata) and cultivated V. radiata through genotyping by sequencing and quantitative trait locus analysis

Interval mapping of bruchid resistance on physical maps of populations TC1966 x NM94 and V2802. (DOCX 14 kb

HIF-driven SF3B1 induces KHK-C to enforce fructolysis and heart disease.

Fructose is a major component of dietary sugar and its overconsumption exacerbates key pathological features of metabolic syndrome. The central fructose-metabolising enzyme is ketohexokinase (KHK), which exists in two isoforms: KHK-A and KHK-C, generated through mutually exclusive alternative splicing of KHK pre-mRNAs. KHK-C displays superior affinity for fructose compared with KHK-A and is produced primarily in the liver, thus restricting fructose metabolism almost exclusively to this organ. Here we show that myocardial hypoxia actuates fructose metabolism in human and mouse models of pathological cardiac hypertrophy through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) activation of SF3B1 and SF3B1-mediated splice switching of KHK-A to KHK-C. Heart-specific depletion of SF3B1 or genetic ablation of Khk, but not Khk-A alone, in mice, suppresses pathological stress-induced fructose metabolism, growth and contractile dysfunction, thus defining signalling components and molecular underpinnings of a fructose metabolism regulatory system crucial for pathological growth

Internal Jugular Vein Cross-Sectional Area and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulsatility in the Aqueduct of Sylvius: A Comparative Study between Healthy Subjects and Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objectives Constricted cerebral venous outflow has been linked with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsatility in the aqueduct of Sylvius in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy individuals. This study investigates the relationship between CSF pulsatility and internal jugular vein (IJV) cross-sectional area (CSA) in these two groups, something previously unknown. Methods 65 relapsing-remitting MS patients (50.8% female; mean age = 43.8 years) and 74 healthy controls (HCs) (54.1% female; mean age = 43.9 years) were investigated. CSF flow quantification was performed on cine phase-contrast MRI, while IJV-CSA was calculated using magnetic resonance venography. Statistical analysis involved correlation, and partial least squares correlation analysis (PLSCA). Results PLSCA revealed a significant difference (p<0.001; effect size = 1.072) between MS patients and HCs in the positive relationship between CSF pulsatility and IJV-CSA at C5-T1, something not detected at C2-C4. Controlling for age and cardiovascular risk factors, statistical trends were identified in HCs between: increased net positive CSF flow (NPF) and increased IJV-CSA at C5-C6 (left: r = 0.374, p = 0.016; right: r = 0.364, p = 0.019) and C4 (left: r = 0.361, p = 0.020); and increased net negative CSF flow and increased left IJV-CSA at C5-C6 (r = -0.348, p = 0.026) and C4 (r = -0.324, p = 0.039), whereas in MS patients a trend was only identified between increased NPF and increased left IJV-CSA at C5-C6 (r = 0.351, p = 0.021). Overall, correlations were weaker in MS patients (p = 0.015). Conclusions In healthy adults, increased CSF pulsatility is associated with increased IJV-CSA in the lower cervix (independent of age and cardiovascular risk factors), suggesting a biomechanical link between the two. This relationship is altered in MS patients

The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Asia-Pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (DVS) of malaria is presented here. The first publication examined the DVS from the Americas, with the second covering those species present in Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Here we discuss the 19 DVS of the Asian-Pacific region. This region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence of a high number of species complexes and suspected species complexes, and behavioural plasticity of many of these major vectors, adds a level of entomological complexity not comparable elsewhere globally. To try and untangle the intricacy of the vectors of this region and to increase the effectiveness of vector control interventions, an understanding of the contemporary distribution of each species, combined with a synthesis of the current knowledge of their behaviour and ecology is needed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Expert opinion (EO) range maps, created with the most up-to-date expert knowledge of each DVS distribution, were combined with a contemporary database of occurrence data and a suite of open access, environmental and climatic variables. Using the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) modelling method, distribution maps of each DVS were produced. The occurrence data were abstracted from the formal, published literature, plus other relevant sources, resulting in the collation of DVS occurrence at 10116 locations across 31 countries, of which 8853 were successfully geo-referenced and 7430 were resolved to spatial areas that could be included in the BRT model. A detailed summary of the information on the bionomics of each species and species complex is also presented.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This article concludes a project aimed to establish the contemporary global distribution of the DVS of malaria. The three articles produced are intended as a detailed reference for scientists continuing research into the aspects of taxonomy, biology and ecology relevant to species-specific vector control. This research is particularly relevant to help unravel the complicated taxonomic status, ecology and epidemiology of the vectors of the Asia-Pacific region. All the occurrence data, predictive maps and EO-shape files generated during the production of these publications will be made available in the public domain. We hope that this will encourage data sharing to improve future iterations of the distribution maps.</p